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1.
Measurements and modeling of air mass motion in the troposphere
Miha Živec, 2016, undergraduate thesis

Abstract: Throughout the history human race depended on weather, so one of the priorities for its survival was to understand weather patterns and to be able to forecast weather. With the development of powerful computers, atmospheric numerical methods and precision instruments for atmospheric monitoring, it is possible to predict weather with greater accuracy and for a longer period of time ahead. At the same time, we are able to gain improved understanding of physical processes that occur in the atmosphere and represent one of most important features in our world. This diploma thesis focuses on the lowest part of the atmosphere - troposphere only, as all weather occurs in the troposphere. Weather is a complete collection of momentary thermodynamic states in the atmosphere and is defined with thermodynamic variables and relations between them. The goal of this thesis is development and presentation of a new way to determine the direction and speed of air mass movement, based on the combination of passive and active remote sensing techniques. A lidar is being used to determine the range to an object, in our case a cloud, that can be used as a tracer in the air current. Simultaneously with lidar ranging of clouds that same clouds are being visually monitored in a series of optical photographs. Selecting and following the temporal evolution of distinct cloud features and their range allows us to calculate the speed of clouds. The performance of this method was tested on four cases in Feb. and Mar. 2016. Measurements were performed in Ajdovščina in different weather conditions. Along with remote sensing (infra-red lidar and optical cameras), ground measurements of wind at Ajdovščina were performed. Wind speeds and directions obtained from remote sensing were compared to atmospheric sounding data from Ljubljana and Udine at similar heights and performed within as small as possible time window. In all four cases remote sensing results for wind speeds and directions agree relatively well with atmospheric sounding. Deviations are expected to be primarily due to spatial and temporal mismatch between sounding and remote sensing measurements. Another source of uncertainties are the limitations of the present remote sensing method in the determination of the actual direction of the wind, however, theses limitations could be eliminated in the future by using an all-sky camera and vertical lidar configuration.
Found in: osebi
Keywords: remote sensing, wind, atmosphere
Published: 13.10.2016; Views: 6974; Downloads: 190
.pdf Fulltext (9,48 MB)

2.
Meritve hitrosti gibanja zračnih mas
Miha Živec, Maruška Mole, Samo Stanič, 2017, published scientific conference contribution

Abstract: V prispevku predstavljamo novo metodo merjenja smeri in hitrosti gibanja zračnih mas, ki temelji na kombinaciji aktivnega (lidarski sistem) in pasivnega (kamera) daljinskega zaznavanja atmosfere. S pomočjo lidarja smo določili razdaljo do oblakov, ki so služili kot sledilci v zračnem toku. Sočasno z lidarskimi meritvami smo fotografirali del neba, v katerega je bil usmerjen lidar. Iz meritev oddaljenosti oblakov ter njihovega premikanja smo izračunali hitrost potovanja oblakov in s tem tudi spodnjo mejo hitrosti zračne mase, ki je oblake nosila. Metodo merjenja hitrosti gibanja zračnih mas smo preizkusili na štirih testnih primerih v februarju in marcu 2016. Meritve so potekale v Ajdovščini v različnih vremenskih pogojih. Poleg naprav za daljinsko zaznavanje (lidar in optične kamere) smo za primerjavo uporabili tudi prizemne meritve vetra v Ajdovščini ter podatke vertikalne sondaže atmosfere v Vidmu in Ljubljani. Rezultati meritev vetra z daljinskim zaznavanjem se v vseh štirih opazovanih primerih relativno dobro ujemajo z rezultati sondaž, do odstopanj pa prihaja zaradi krajevnega in časovnega neujemanja sondaž z daljinskim zaznavanjem.
Found in: osebi
Keywords: daljinsko zaznavanje, veter, atmosfera
Published: 10.02.2017; Views: 4556; Downloads: 0
.pdf Fulltext (1,50 MB)

3.
Space weather research with the Pierre Auger Observatory
Miha Živec, 2019, master's thesis

Abstract: Space weather refers to environmental conditions in the interplanetary space and Earth’s magnetosphere, ionosphere and exosphere and can influence the performance and reliability of electronics based technological systems. The major role in space weather changes plays the solar wind, a stream of charged particles (mostly electrons and protons) with energies of approximately 1 keV, that can cause geomagnetic storms and auroras. During their entry into the atmosphere, high energy cosmic rays collide with atomic nuclei of atmospheric gasses. When scattering occurs extensive air showers are created. Those cascades of secondary particles create flashes of light due to the Cherenkov effect as well as excite molecules of nitrogen gas in atmosphere, which then glow in fluorescent light. In order to observe the light created by air showers, it has to be collected with telescopes. The particles from the cascades that reach ground can be detected with surface detectors. The Pierre Auger Observatory is the largest observatory for cosmic ray measurements. It is located in Argentinian pampas covering an area of 3000 km2. It consists of 1660 surface detectors and 27 fluorescence telescopes. For cosmic rays with energies above few 1017 eV, a precise reconstruction of energy and direction of primary particle is achievable. Observatory also allows measurement of flux of incoming particles down to primary energies in ca. 10 GeV - 10 TeV interval, with a median energy ca. 80-90 GeV. This measurement capability is called "scaler" mode, since the corresponding data consist of scaler counted cascade particles with deposited energy between 15 and 100 MeV, at the average rate of 2 kHz per individual surface detector. For the purpose of this master thesis I compared the data from scaler mode measurements with measurements of neutron monitors, which are commonly used for space weather observations. With the correlation received from the comparison, I showed that scaler mode operation of Pierre Auger observatory can be used to monitor space weather events such as solar cycle and the decreases in the observed galactic cosmic ray intensity due to solar wind (Forbush decrease).
Found in: osebi
Keywords: Pierre Auger Observatory, cosmic rays, space weather, Forbush decrease
Published: 17.09.2019; Views: 4048; Downloads: 171
.pdf Fulltext (5,21 MB)

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Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array to TeV photon emission from the Large Magellanic Cloud
Miha Živec, Danilo Zavrtanik, Marko Zavrtanik, Gabrijela Zaharijas, Serguei Vorobiov, Veronika Vodeb, Samo Stanič, Saptashwa Bhattacharyya, A. Acharyya, 2023, original scientific article

Abstract: A deep survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud at ∼ 0.1−100 TeV photon energies with the Cherenkov Telescope Array is planned. We assess the detection prospects based on a model for the emission of the galaxy, comprising the four known TeV emitters, mock populations of sources, and interstellar emission on galactic scales. We also assess the detectability of 30 Doradus and SN 1987A, and the constraints that can be derived on the nature of dark matter. The survey will allow for fine spectral studies of N 157B, N 132D, LMC P3, and 30 Doradus C, and half a dozen other sources should be revealed, mainly pulsar-powered objects. The remnant from SN 1987A could be detected if it produces cosmic-ray nuclei with a flat power-law spectrum at high energies, or with a steeper index 2.3−2.4 pending a flux increase by a factor > 3−4 over ∼ 2015−2035. Large-scale interstellar emission remains mostly out of reach of the survey if its > 10 GeV spectrum has a soft photon index ∼ 2.7, but degree-scale 0.1 − 10 TeV pion-decay emission could be detected if the cosmic-ray spectrum hardens above >100 GeV. The 30 Doradus star-forming region is detectable if acceleration efficiency is on the order of 1 − 10% of the mechanical luminosity and diffusion is suppressed by two orders of magnitude within < 100 pc. Finally, the survey could probe the canonical velocity-averaged cross section for self-annihilation of weakly interacting massive particles for cuspy Navarro-Frenk-White profiles.
Found in: osebi
Keywords: very-high energy (VHE) gamma-rays, Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) Observatory, Large Magellanic Cloud, pulsar wind nebulas, star-forming regions, cosmic rays, dark matter
Published: 02.06.2023; Views: 42; Downloads: 0
.pdf Fulltext (3,66 MB)

7.
Two-wavelength polarization Raman lidar
Longlong Wang, Miha Živec, treatise, preliminary study, study

Abstract: This document presents the configurations, operation, calibration procedures and maintenance instructions for the users of Raman lidar.
Found in: osebi
Keywords: Raman lidar, remote sensing, operating manual
Published: 21.05.2020; Views: 2390; Downloads: 0
.pdf Fulltext (7,97 MB)

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Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array for probing cosmology and fundamental physics with gamma-ray propagation
Serguei Vorobiov, Samo Stanič, Christopher Eckner, R. Adam, A. Acharyya, F. Acero, H. Abe, H. Abdalla, Gabrijela Zaharijas, Marko Zavrtanik, Danilo Zavrtanik, Miha Živec, 2021, original scientific article

Abstract: The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), the new-generation ground-based observatory for γ astronomy, provides unique capabilities to address significant open questions in astrophysics, cosmology, and fundamental physics. We study some of the salient areas of γ cosmology that can be explored as part of the Key Science Projects of CTA, through simulated observations of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and of their relativistic jets. Observations of AGN with CTA will enable a measurement of γ absorption on the extragalactic background light with a statistical uncertainty below 15% up to a redshift z=2 and to constrain or detect γ halos up to intergalactic-magnetic-field strengths of at least 0.3 pG . Extragalactic observations with CTA also show promising potential to probe physics beyond the Standard Model. The best limits on Lorentz invariance violation from γ astronomy will be improved by a factor of at least two to three. CTA will also probe the parameter space in which axion-like particles could constitute a significant fraction, if not all, of dark matter. We conclude on the synergies between CTA and other upcoming facilities that will foster the growth of γ cosmology.
Found in: osebi
Keywords: Cherenkov Telescope Array, active galactic nuclei, gamma-ray experiments, axions, extragalactic magnetic fields
Published: 02.03.2021; Views: 1596; Downloads: 68
URL Fulltext (0,00 KB)
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10.
The preliminary study of RICH detector usage in (K [sub] L) [sup] 0 [to] [mu] [sup] [plus minus] e [sup] [minus plus] decay with the NA62 experiment at CERN
Miha Živec, 2019, treatise, preliminary study, study

Abstract: Statistical analysis of data received from the NA62 simulations of K+→ e+ν and K+→µ+ν processes. The goal was to measure NA62 RICH detector efficiency and its capability to distinguish between muons and electrons in specifc momentum bins for future study of rare lepton flavor violating process K0L→µ±e∓.
Found in: osebi
Keywords: collider, NA62, lepton flavor violation
Published: 11.04.2021; Views: 1275; Downloads: 53
URL Fulltext (0,00 KB)
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