51. Hidden periodicity in Stripe 82 with Saraswati supercluster—a fractal analysisVimal Raj, Mohanachandran Nair Sindhu Swapna, Sankaranarayana Iyer Sankararaman, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: The manuscript attempts to explore the periodicity in the distribution of galaxies in the recently
reported Saraswati supercluster and the Stripe 82 region containing it as an example. The report
of 120 Mpc periodicity in the Abell galaxy clusters by power spectrum analysis is the motivation
behind the study. The power spectral analysis across the central part of the Stripe 82 region
shows a periodic variation of 3.09° or 71 Mpc in fractal dimension whereas an average angular
periodicity of 3.45° or 94 Mpc is observed across the Stripe 82 region. This refers to the
periodicity of complexity or cluster density of galaxy distribution. The texture of the distribution
pattern understood through lacunarity analysis indicates a near symmetric distribution. Fractal
dimensions like box-counting dimension, information dimension and correlation dimension are
also found through multifractal analysis. While the information dimension tells about the
distribution density of galactic points, the correlation dimension details the distribution of
galaxies in the neighbourhood
Keywords: galaxy distribution, fractal analysis, multifractals, lacunarity, Saraswati supercluster, Stripe 82
Published in RUNG: 04.07.2022; Views: 2050; Downloads: 0
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52. Thermal diffusivity downscaling of molybdenum oxide thin film through annealing temperature-induced nano-lamelle formation: a photothermal beam deflection studyS. Soumya, Vimal Raj, Mohanachandran Nair Sindhu Swapna, Sankaranarayana Iyer Sankararaman, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: The present work proposes a method of downscaling the thermal diffusivity (α)
of MoO3 thin films through annealing temperature-induced nano-lamelle formation. The
thermal diffusivity modification of the MoO3 films, prepared by the doctor blade method,
is investigated by the sensitive transverse photothermal beam deflection technique. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the structural phase transformation from monoclinic to
orthorhombic in the films annealed from 300 to 450 °C. The thermal induced anisotropy of
the film is evident from the variation of the morphology index and texture coefficient. The
field emission scanning electron microscopic analysis unveils the morphology modifications
from blocks to the nano-lamelle structure with layers of average thickness ~ 77 nm. The
thermal diffusivity measurement reveals a 53% reduction upon annealing the film to 450 °C.
The drastic reduction is achieved through the annealing temperature-induced nano-lamelle
formation and the phase transformation from monoclinic to orthorhombic in the MoO3 films.
Keywords: thermal diffusivity, molybdenum oxide, thin film, nano-lamelle, photothermal beam deflection
Published in RUNG: 04.07.2022; Views: 2098; Downloads: 27
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53. Concentration-dependent thermal duality of hafnium carbide nanofluid for heat transfer applications : a mode mismatched thermal lens studyVijayakumar Gokul, Mohanachandran Nair Sindhu Swapna, Vimal Raj, H. V. Saritha Devi, Sankaranarayana Iyer Sankararaman, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: he mode mismatch dual-beam thermal lens technique is a sensitive tool for studying the nanofuids’ thermal difusivity in thermal engineering. The work reports
the low-temperature green synthesis of hafnium carbide (HfC) using rice four as a natural carbon precursor and its potential in heat transfer nanofuids by studying the concentration-dependent thermal difusivity. The structure characterisations confirm the formation of HfC, whose refractory nature is revealed through the high thermal stability observed in the thermogravimetric analysis. The Tauc plot analysis shows direct bandgap energy of 2.92 eV. The fuorescence study suggests bluish-pink emission with CIE coordinates (0.271, 0.263). The existence of the critical concentration of HfC in the nanofuid decides its suitability for heat transfer or heat trap applications indicating a concentration-dependent thermal duality. Thus, the study is signifcant as it overcomes the major drawbacks of the existing methods of the synthesis of refractory HfC, using toxic chemical and costly equipment for heat transfer applications.
Keywords: hafnium carbide, hydrothermal synthesis, rice flour, thermal lens spectroscopy
Published in RUNG: 04.07.2022; Views: 2086; Downloads: 0
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54. Laser-induced thermal lens study of the role of morphology and hydroxyl group in the evolution of thermal diffusivity of copper oxideRiya Sebastian, Mohanachandran Nair Sindhu Swapna, Vimal Raj, Sankaranarayana Iyer Sankararaman, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: The paper explores the evolution of thermal behavior of the material by studying the variations in thermal diffusivity
using the single beam thermal lens (TL) technique. For this purpose, the decomposition of Cu(OH)2 into CuO is studied in a
time range up to 120 h, by subjecting the sample to morphological, structural, and spectroscopic characterizations. The time
evolution of thermal diffusivity can be divided into three regions for demonstrating the dynamics of the reaction. When the
reaction is complete, the thermal diffusivity is also found to be saturated. In addition to the morphological modifications,
from rods to flakes, the variations in the amount of hydroxyl group are attributed to be responsible for the enhancement
of base fluid’s thermal diffusivity by 165%. Thus the study unveils the role of hydroxyl groups in the thermal behavior of
CuO.
Keywords: thermal diffusivity, CuO, thermal lens, morphology, hydroxyl group
Published in RUNG: 04.07.2022; Views: 1896; Downloads: 0
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55. Boron‑rich boron carbide from soot : a low-temperature green synthesis approachMohanachandran Nair Sindhu Swapna, H. V. Saritha Devi, Sankaranarayana Iyer Sankararaman, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: Boron carbide is a promising super-hard semiconducting material for refractory applications ranging from the nuclear industry to spacecraft. The present work is the frst report of not only turning futile soot, containing carbon allotropes in varying
composition, into boron-rich boron carbide (BC), but also developing it by a low-cost, low-temperature, and green synthesis
method. The BC synthesised from gingelly oil soot is subjected to structural, morphological, and optical characterisations.
The feld emission scanning electron microscope shows beautiful fower-like morphology, and the thermogravimetric analysis reveals the high-temperature stability of the sample synthesised. The Tauc plot of the sample indicates a 2.38 eV direct
bandgap. The formation of BC and boron-rich carbide evidenced by X-ray difraction studies is confrmed through Raman
and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic signatures of B–C and C–B–C bonds. The fuorescence, power spectrum, and
CIE analyses carried out suggest the blue light emission for excitation at 350 nm
Keywords: boron carbide, soot, carbon nanoparticle, refractory, allotropes, green synthesis
Published in RUNG: 30.06.2022; Views: 2267; Downloads: 0
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56. Is SARS CoV-2 a multifractal? : unveiling the fractality and fractal structureMohanachandran Nair Sindhu Swapna, S. Sreejyothi, Vimal Raj, Sankaranarayana Iyer Sankararaman, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: A first report of unveiling the fractality and fractal nature of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV-2)
responsible for the pandemic disease widely known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) is presented. The fractal analysis of
the electron microscopic and atomic force microscopic images of 40 coronaviruses (CoV), by the normal and differential box-counting method, reveals its fractal structure. The generalised dimension indicates the multifractal nature of the CoV. The higher
value of fractal dimension and lower value of Hurst exponent (H) suggest higher complexity and greater roughness. The
statistical analysis of generalised dimension and H is understood through the notched box plot. The study on CoV clusters also
confirms its fractal nature. The scale-invariant value of the box-counting fractal dimension of CoV yields a value of 1.820. The study opens the possibility of exploring the potential of fractal analysis in the medical diagnosis of SARS CoV-2.
Keywords: Fractality, SARS CoV, Coronavirus, Fractal dimension, Multifractal
Published in RUNG: 30.06.2022; Views: 2107; Downloads: 0
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58. Weathering induced morphological modification on the thermal diffusivity of natural pyrrhotite : a thermal lens studyMohanachandran Nair Sindhu Swapna, Vijayakumar Gokul, Vimal Raj, R. Manu Raj, S. N. Kumar, Sankaranarayana Iyer Sankararaman, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Natural pyrrhotites have gained significant attention due to
their interesting electronic, antimicrobial, and chemical
properties. The present work attempts to explore the
morphology-induced modifications in the thermal
characteristics of natural pyrrhotite due to ageing. The
morphological, elemental, structure, optical, and thermal
characterisations help in understanding the effect of
ageing. The effects of five years of ageing of the sample
are (i) Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopic
analysis reveals a morphological transformation from flakes
to agglomerated powder, (ii) elemental analyses suggest
the ageing induced compositional modification (iii) the
Tauc plot analysis shows a bandgap energy modification
from 1.46 eV to 1.92 eV, (iv) X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier
Transform Infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic
studies affirm the formation of oxy-hydroxides (v) the XRD
data indicates an increase of dislocation density, and (vi)
Photoluminescence study shows a deep violet emission
evidenced through the CIE plot. The study by the thermal
lens technique shows a lowering of thermal diffusivity
study by 23%, due to the morphological modifications,
adsorbed/chemisorbed hydroxyl groups, and the formation
of secondary compounds due to oxidation and weathering.
The phonon boundary scattering, weathering induced
smaller grain size, reduced phonon mean free path, and
point defects also account for the lowering of the thermal
diffusivity value and thereby influencing its properties.
Keywords: pyrrhotite, thermal diffusivity, thermal lens, ageing, morphology
Published in RUNG: 30.06.2022; Views: 2036; Downloads: 7
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59. Time series and fractal analyses of wheezing : a novel approachMohanachandran Nair Sindhu Swapna, Ammini Renjini, Vimal Raj, S. Sreejyothi, Sankaranarayana Iyer Sankararaman, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: Since the outbreak of the pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019, the world is in search of novel non-invasive methods for safer
and early detection of lung diseases. The pulmonary pathological symptoms refected through the lung sound opens a possibility of detection through auscultation and of employing spectral, fractal, nonlinear time series and principal component
analyses. Thirty-fve signals of vesicular and expiratory wheezing breath sound, subjected to spectral analyses shows a clear
distinction in terms of time duration, intensity, and the number of frequency components. An investigation of the dynamics
of air molecules during respiration using phase portrait, Lyapunov exponent, sample entropy, fractal dimension, and Hurst
exponent helps in understanding the degree of complexity arising due to the presence of mucus secretions and constrictions
in the respiratory airways. The feature extraction of the power spectral density data and the application of principal component analysis helps in distinguishing vesicular and expiratory wheezing and thereby, giving a ray of hope in accomplishing
an early detection of pulmonary diseases through sound signal analysis.
Keywords: auscultation, wheeze, fractals, nonlinear time series analysis, sample entropy
Published in RUNG: 30.06.2022; Views: 2252; Downloads: 0
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60. Downscaling of sample entropy of nanofluids by carbon allotropes : a thermal lens studyMohanachandran Nair Sindhu Swapna, Vimal Raj, S. Sreejyothi, K. Satheesh Kumar, Sankaranarayana Iyer Sankararaman, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: The work reported in this paper is the first attempt to delineate the molecular or particle dynamics from the thermal lens signal of carbon allotropic nanofluids (CANs), employing time series and fractal analyses. The nanofluids of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene are prepared in base fluid, coconut oil, at low volume fraction and are subjected to thermal lens study. We have studied the thermal diffusivity and refractive index variations of the medium by analyzing the thermal lens (TL) signal. By segmenting the TL signal, the complex dynamics
involved during its evolution is investigated through the phase portrait, fractal dimension, Hurst exponent, and sample entropy using time series and fractal analyses. The study also explains how the increase of the photothermal energy turns a system into stochastic and anti-persistent. The sample entropy (S) and refractive index analyses of the TL signal by segmenting into five regions reveal the evolution of S with the increase of enthalpy. The lowering of S in CAN along with its thermal diffusivity (50%–57% below) as a result of heat-trapping suggests
the technique of downscaling sample entropy of the base fluid using carbon allotropes and thereby opening a novel method of improving the efficiency of thermal systems.
Keywords: carbon allotropic nanofluids, time series, entropy, MWCNT, thermal lens signal
Published in RUNG: 30.06.2022; Views: 2201; Downloads: 0
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