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Abstract: On 11 September 2021, two small thunderstorms developed over the Telescope Array Surface Detector (TASD) that produced an unprecedented number of six downward terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) within one‐hour timeframe. The TGFs occurred during the initial stage of negative cloud‐to‐ground flashes whose return strokes had increasingly large peak currents up to 223 kA, 147 GeV energy deposit in up to 25 1.2 km‐spaced surface detectors, and intermittent bursts of gamma‐rays with total durations up to 717 s. The analyses are based on observations recorded by the TASD network, complemented by data from a 3D lightning mapping array, broadband VHF interferometer, fast electric field change sensor, high‐speed video camera, and the National Lightning Detection Network. The TGFs of the final two flashes had gamma fluences of and 8, logarithmically bridging the gap between previous TASD and satellite‐based detections. The observations further emphasize the similarity between upward and downward TGF varieties, suggesting a common mechanism for their production.
Keywords: Telescope Array Surface Detector, terrestrial gamma ray flashes, 3D lightning mapping array, broadband VHF interferometer, fast electric field change sensor, high‐speed video camera, National Lightning Detection Network, TGF fluence measurement
Published in RUNG: 23.04.2025; Views: 280; Downloads: 4
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Keywords: temperature measurement, solid modeling, annealing, volume measurement, conductivity
Published in RUNG: 16.07.2024; Views: 1767; Downloads: 7
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Abstract: Calibration of measuring instruments in the industry is a process that is done regularly both internally by internal laboratories operating within the companies and externally by accredited external laboratories. The goal of the diploma thesis was to document and carry out the calibration process of a production line within a manufacturing plant, and to deliver a final report on the overall calibration. The result is obtained by calculating the combined uncertainty of the measurement process. As any measurement is gathered certain uncertainties are bound to influence the measurements, in our case we have three main uncertainties which are the standard uncertainty, uncertainty due to the resolution of the measuring instrument and the uncertainty from the calibration certificate from the measuring equipment that is used in the measurement process. The final combined uncertainty is calculated with the standard uncertainty which has a 68% confidence that the true value lies within that range therefore we need to expand the range to obtain a 95% confidence and we achieve this by multiplication of the combined uncertainty with the K = 2 factor.
Keywords: Metrology, calibration, adjustment, measurement errors, measurement uncertainty, measuring instruments, measuring equipment.
Published in RUNG: 05.01.2023; Views: 2951; Downloads: 52
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Keywords: ZnO, Fabrics, Dip-pad-cure method, Nanorods, Diffuse reflectance, IV measurement
Published in RUNG: 16.01.2017; Views: 5812; Downloads: 0
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Abstract: In my master's thesis, I have focused on radon gas in 43 buildings used for different purposes (23 schools, 3 kindergartens, 16 offices and a residential house) in which preliminary measurements had shown higher concentrations of radon gas. I carried out measurements of radon and short-lived radon products whilst simultaneously employing different measurement techniques. In all 43 buildings, I measured the instantaneous concentration of radon by using scintillation cells; in 18 buildings, I additionally measured the average concentration of radon by using solid state nuclear track detectors and in 10 buildings, I measured concentration retrospectively with solid state nuclear track detectors. In four selected buildings (a school, a kindergarten, an office and a residential house), I carried out the measurements by using all of the available equipment. I monitored the daily fluctuations of concentration of radon and short-lived radon products by using continuous monitors in 14 buildings. This is how I obtained the factor of radioactive equilibrium between radon and its short-lived products. Based on the results obtained, I calculated the effective doses. As the basis for calculating the doses, I used the instantaneous and average concentrations of radon and the equilibrium factor taken from literature (0.40) or own measurements. I compared the doses and critically evaluated them. In contrast to the previous research, I researched radon exclusively in areas with increased risk for radon. I studied the influence of the working regime on the concentration of radon in different working environments (i.e. a school, a kindergarten and an office).
Keywords: Radon, short-lived radon products, measurement technique, scintillation cell, solid-state nuclear track detector, retrospective detector, equilibrium factor, effective dose, comparison.
Published in RUNG: 28.09.2016; Views: 8164; Downloads: 293
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