41. Structuring linguistic noise : The children's remarkable capacity for syntactic segmentationArthur Stepanov, invited lecture at foreign university Abstract: How do young children acquiring their native language master complex abstract properties of adult sentences, more specifically, their syntactic structure? A good portion of recent research in child language acquisition is devoted to the nature of 'segmentation' strategies allowing children to deduce some of these abstract structural properties from the linguistic input they are exposed to, and the role of linguistic (e.g. prosodic), cognitive (e.g. working memory, probabilistic) and experience (e.g. bilingualism, music training) factors that affect the segmentation task. In this talk I give a broad outline of this research agenda including our own work and reflect on promising new directions that emerge in this domain.
Keywords: segmentation, prosody, child language
Published in RUNG: 28.06.2019; Views: 4290; Downloads: 0
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43. The importance of not belonging: Paradigmaticity and loan nominalizations in Serbo-CroatianMarko Simonovic, Boban Arsenijević, 2018, original scientific article Abstract: In a number of Slavic and Germanic languages, various derivational affixes and morphological patterns of Latin origin are relatively common, and bear effects as abstract as deriving event nouns from verbs and property nouns from adjectives. This seems to contradict the general observation that abstract morphology typically is not subject to borrowing. We discuss the status of two Serbo-Croatian (S-C) nominalizing Latinate suffixes, -cija and -itet, complemented by one Germanic suffix, -er. On our analysis, these are not borrowed suffixes and derivational patterns, in the sense that they were present in another language and got copied into S-C, but rather suffixes and patterns which emerged within S-C, more specifically in the borrowed stratum of the S-C lexicon. Crucial factors in their emergence were the shared semantic properties of the nouns ending in the respective sequences (-cija, -itet and -er), and the quantitative properties of these sequences closely matching those of native derivational suffixes. Pragmatic, phonological and prosodic constraints apply to these derivations to the effect that the suffixes that have emerged in the borrowed domain of the lexicon never enter a competition with the native nominalization patterns.
Keywords: nominalisation, borrowing, loanword, language contact, Serbo-Croatian
Published in RUNG: 29.11.2018; Views: 4283; Downloads: 123
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44. Nationaal Socialistisch Taalbeleid in Nederland voor en Tijdens de Bezetting 1940 - 1945Marko Simonovic, 2006, original scientific article Abstract: Het centrale doel van dit onderzoek is de maatregelen op het gebied van de taalpolitiek, die de
overheid tijdens de Duitse bezetting heeft genomen, in kaart te brengen. Aangezien de kiemen
van een nieuw, bewust gepland taalgebruik al vanaf 1931 in de NSB-kringen te bespeuren
zijn, wordt er ook aan de “interne” nationaal-socialistische taalpolitiek voor de Tweede
Wereldoorlog aandacht besteed.
Klaarblijkelijk moet men er rekening mee houden dat de ingrepen op de taal in beide fasen
een verschillende status hadden. Toch hebben we hier ervoor gekozen de feiten uit de periode
voor en tijdens de bezetting samen te presenteren en het nationaal-socialistische taalbeleid in
Nederland als één verschijnsel te bekijken, aangezien de procédés, de doeleinden maar ook de
ijveraars van het nationaal-socialistische taalbeleid na de intocht van het Duitse leger vrijwel
dezelfde bleven. Er lijken twee aspecten te zijn waar men zou kunnen bepleiten dat het om
twee wezenlijk verschillende perioden gaat – de doelgroep en de “doordringendheid” van de
standaardisatie. Het lijkt toch moeilijk bewijsbaar dat een invloed op de taalgemeenschap als
geheel na de intocht als een hoofddoeleinde van de nationaal-socialisten gold (terwijl het vóór
de intocht niet het geval was). Wel zijn er aanwijzingen dat sommige aspecten van de
standaardisatie tijdens de bezetting juist elitistisch waren (bv. het jargon van de Germaanse
SS). Ook de “doordringendheid” van de nationaal-socialistische taalpolitiek lijkt tijdens de
bezetting niet groter te zijn geworden. Aangezien de nationaal-socialistische ingrepen op dit
gebied niet bepaald opvallend waren en er onder de bevolking geen bereidheid was om deze
ingrepen te accepteren/implementeren, is het moeilijk aan te tonen dat de Nederlandse
taalgemeenschap zich van deze taalpolitiek bewust was en, als dat wel het geval was, dat ze
na mei 1940 meer bekend en invloedrijk was.
Dat het om een gerechtvaardigde aanpak gaat, laat ook de enige beschikbare studie over het
taalgebruik van de Nederlandse nationaal-socialisten - Toorn, 1991 – zien. Toorn maakt
duidelijk dat de nieuwe omstandigheden weinig aan het taalgebruik, maar ook de perceptie
van de taal, veranderden.
Doorgaans staat de invloed op de Nederlandse taalgemeenschap centraal terwijl het beleid
i.v.m. de Duitse taalgemeenschap in Nederland buiten beschouwing is gelaten. Wel komt
Duits als tweede taal aan de orde.
Keywords: taalbeleid, tweede wereldoorlog, language planning, bezetting, Duits, Nederlands
Published in RUNG: 22.06.2018; Views: 4729; Downloads: 0 (1 vote)
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46. The non-dominant hand perseveration and movement in SZJ locative constructionsMatic Pavlič, 2018, published scientific conference contribution Abstract: In sign languages, signers habitually encode the relations between locative arguments with a complex predicate consisting of several independent morphemes, as shown by Pfau and Aboh (2012) for Sign Language of the Netherlands. In this study, I examine perseverations and movements of the non-dominant hand (H2) in Slovenian Sign Language (SZJ) locative constructions. In SZJ, the H2may be persevered after producing the two-handed Ground in locative constructions. This is shown by the data collected from seven first language SZJ informants, using a Picture Description Task. The referential location as well as the orientation and the handshape of this perseveration may change at the sign-boundary when the one-handed Figure has just been articulated and the one-handed predicate is about to be signed. Before this sign-boundary, the handshape of the persevered H2 refers to the Ground – and is therefore a Ground classifier. After that boundary, the handshape of the persevered H2 refers to the part of the Ground that is relevant for localizing the Figure – and is therefore an axial part classifier that projects aMeasure Phrase.
Keywords: locative construction, non-dominant hand perseveration, measure phrase, Slovenian Sign Language
Published in RUNG: 20.03.2018; Views: 4959; Downloads: 175
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47. Lexicon immigration service - Prolegomena to a theory of loanword integrationMarko Simonovic, 2015, doctoral dissertation Abstract: The goal of this dissertation is to empower the field of formal loanword research by (a) incorporating insights from sociolinguistic research into formal models and (b) highlighting morphological (and morphosyntactic) integration in the field which is presently dominated by data from phonological borrowing.
The emergent loanword model enables defining the interface of source and target languages. It is applicable to data from phonological, morphological and morphosyntactic integration, which are viewed as entangled aspects of a single broad process: lexicalisation, viewed as the creation of a new lexical entry based on a foreign surface form. This aspect of the model implies a certain telicity, not unlike the existing adaptation models (Chapter 2). However, while these latter models see loanword processes as moving towards becoming indistinguishable from native items, the integration model will have as its endpoint the creation of a fully functional RL lexical entry (sometimes very distinguishably non-native).
Since loanwords display processes which make reference to various levels (individual and communal, synchronic and diachronic etc.), the model is comprised of two different apparatuses able to capture different aspects of loanword behaviour without losing sight of what they exclude. The more diachronic apparatus of the model will concentrate on the ways in which properties of the initial code switch are preserved in the process of integration into the lexicon (shared by the language community), which involves the creation of paradigms, the assignment of morphosyntactic features, etc. We will present strong evidence that borrowing is to be seen as lexicalisation based on a surface form, guided by a force which militates against the introduction of new versions of the incoming form – Lexical Conservatism. The more synchronic apparatus will be more suitable for viewing the regularities which are part of borrowers’ knowledge: the inter-language mappings, which emerge within the community and which contain instructions for converting SL structures into RL structures.
The dissertation chapters are organised as follows. Chapter 1 presents the most important findings of sociolinguistic research into loanwords. Chapter 2 reviews research done by generative phonologists in the field usually termed loanword adaptation. In Chapter 3 research into lexical stratification is reviewed. In Chapter 4 the main ingredients of the model proposed in this dissertation are discussed. Chapter 5 considers the cases of morphosyntactic integration. In Chapter 6 the inter-language mappings are introduced and discussed. Chapter 7 brings an interim summary and announces the four subsequent chapters, which bring four case studies, in which the proposed model is put to use to account for larger data sets. Chapter 8 presents an account of consonant gemination in loanwords. Chapters 9 discusses a-epenthesis in Serbo-Croatian from the contact perspective. Chapter 10 brings an account of verb borrowing and aspect in Serbo-Croatian. In Chapter 11 the Latinate nominalisations in Serbo-Croatian are analysed from the perspective of our model. Chapter 12 concludes this dissertation.
This book will be of interest for researchers in the fields of language contact, phonology, morphology and the structure of the lexicon, as well as Serbo- Croatian linguistics.
Keywords: Loanword integration, Loanword adaptation, Lexicon stratification, Loanword morphology, Special Faithfulness, Lexical Conservatism, Inter-language mappings
Published in RUNG: 09.02.2018; Views: 5202; Downloads: 325
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48. When linearity prevails over hierarchy in syntaxFranc Marušič, Tina Šuligoj, 2017, original scientific article Abstract: Hierarchical structure has been cherished as a grammatical universal. We use experimental methods to show where linear order is also a relevant syntactic relation. An identical methodology and design were used across six research sites on South Slavic languages. Experimental results show that in certain configurations, grammatical production can in fact favor linear order over hierarchical structure. However, these findings are limited to coordinate structures and distinct from the kind of production errors found with comparable configurations such as “attraction” errors. The results demonstrate that agreement morphology may be computed in a series of steps, one of which is partly independent from syntactic hierarchy.
Keywords: experimental syntax, syntactic agreement, elicited language production, coordinated, noun phrases, South Slavic languages
Published in RUNG: 15.01.2018; Views: 5228; Downloads: 189
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49. Classifier predicate as a small clause in Slovenian Sign LanguageMatic Pavlič, 2017, published scientific conference contribution abstract Abstract: In Slovenian Sign Language (SZJ), classifier predicate cannot be negated and thus it does not qualify as the head of a verb phrase. Such a conclusion does not rule out the possibility that SZJ classifier predicate projects a reduced clausal structure. I analyze these SZJ classifier predicates as non-verbal predicates that form a small-clause structure assuming that classifier small clause is selected by an overt (HAVE) or a covert verbal head. This proposal explains the complexity of classifier predicates. Being a non-verbal projection, classifier predicate fails to move with a verbal V-to-T movement and stays in situ. For SVO languages such as SZJ, this analysis correctly predicts the change from the basic SVO to the non-basic SOV for transitive classifier predicates and from the basic SVOdOi to the non-basic SOdVOi for ditransitive classifier predicates.
Keywords: Slovenian Sign Language, classifier predicate, small clause, word order
Published in RUNG: 10.11.2017; Views: 5430; Downloads: 0
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50. The dominant and non-dominant hand movement in Slovenian Sign Language locative constructionsMatic Pavlič, 2017, published scientific conference contribution abstract Abstract: In sign languages, signers habitually encode the relations between locative arguments with a complex predicate consisting of several independent morphemes, as shown by Pfau and Aboh (2012) for Sign Language of the Netherlands. In this study, I discuss the direction and composition of locative movement in Slovenian Sign Language (SZJ), distinguishing it from the movement of non-locative predicates in this language. This distinction gives support to the original distinction between agreeing and spatially agreeing predicates that was first suggested for American Sign Language (ASL) by Padden (1983).
Keywords: Slovenian Sign Language, locative construction, prepositional phrase, hand movement, non-dominant hand perseveration
Published in RUNG: 07.11.2017; Views: 5025; Downloads: 0
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