1. An extremely energetic cosmic ray observed by a surface detector arrayR. U. Abbasi, M. Allen, R. Arimura, J. W. Belz, Douglas R. Bergman, S. A. Blake, K. Shin, I. J. Buckland, B. G. Cheon, Jon Paul Lundquist, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: Cosmic rays are energetic charged particles from extraterrestrial sources, with the highest-energy events thought to come from extragalactic sources. Their arrival is infrequent, so detection requires instruments with large collecting areas. In this work, we report the detection of an extremely energetic particle recorded by the surface detector array of the Telescope Array experiment. We calculate the particle’s energy as 244 +- 29 (stat.) +51,-76 (syst.)
exa–electron volts (~40 joules). Its arrival direction points back to a void in the large-scale structure of the Universe. Possible explanations include a large deflection by the foreground magnetic field, an unidentified source in the local extragalactic neighborhood, or an incomplete knowledge of particle physics.
Keywords: ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, telescope array, extremely energetic cosmic-ray event
Published in RUNG: 23.04.2025; Views: 410; Downloads: 4
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2. Neutrosophic Permeable Values and Energetic Subsets with Applications in BCK/BCI-AlgebrasHashem Bordbar, Young Bae Jun, Florentin Smarandache, Seok Zun Song, 2018, original scientific article Abstract: The concept of a (∈, ∈)-neutrosophic ideal is introduced, and its characterizations are established. The notions of neutrosophic permeable values are introduced, and related properties are investigated. Conditions for the neutrosophic level sets to be energetic, right stable, and right vanished are discussed. Relations between neutrosophic permeable S- and I-values are considered.
Keywords: (∈, ∈)-neutrosophic subalgebra, (∈, ∈)-neutrosophic ideal, neutrosophic (anti-)permeable S-value, neutrosophic (anti-)permeable I-value, S-energetic set, I-energetic set
Published in RUNG: 02.12.2019; Views: 4207; Downloads: 0
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