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Keywords: cyanobacteria, nanobodies, fluobodies, phage display, thermal lens spectrometry
Published in RUNG: 19.04.2021; Views: 2254; Downloads: 0
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Abstract: We have developed a novel single-beam photothermal interferometer and present here its application for the measurement of aerosol light absorption. The use of only a single laser beam allows for a compact optical set-up and significantly easier alignment compared to standard dual-beam photothermal interferometers, making it ideal for field measurements. Due to a unique configuration of the reference interferometer arm, light absorption by aerosols can be determined directly – even in the presence of light-absorbing gases. The instrument can be calibrated directly with light-absorbing gases, such as NO2, and can be used to calibrate other light absorption instruments. The detection limits (1σ) for absorption for 10 and 60 s averaging times were determined to be 14.6 and 7.4 Mm−1, respectively, which for a mass absorption cross section of 10 m2 g−1 leads to equivalent black carbon concentration detection limits of 1460 and 740 ng m−3, respectively. The detection limit could be reduced further by improvements to the isolation of the instrument and the signal detection and processing schemes employed.
Keywords: aerosol, aerosol absorption, black carbon, photo-thermal interferometer, climate change
Published in RUNG: 29.12.2020; Views: 2635; Downloads: 74
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Abstract: In this work high performance liquid chromatography coupled to thermal lens spectrometry (HPLC-TLS) was applied for monitoring of vinylphenolic pyranoanthocyanins formation during the fermentation of Pinot Noir wines. Vinylphenolic pyranoanthocyanins are wine pigments, present in low concentrations, but very important for wine colour stability. Fermentation process was conducted with four different yeast strains, used as starters, either in sequential fermentation of non-Saccharomyces with S. cerevisiae yeast or as single fermentation with S. cerevisiae yeasts in order to test the applicability of developed method for monitoring of selected compounds in real wine fermentation experiments. The developed HPLC-TLS method showed higher sensitivity compared to HPLC coupled to diode array detection (DAD) technique for particular wine colour compounds. Obtained limits of detection (LODs), were 6- and 22-times lower in comparison to HPLC–DAD in gradient and isocratic elution mode, respectively, whereas limits of quantification (LOQs) 5 and 18-times lower. Lower LODs enabled earlier observation of vinylphenolic pyranoanthocyanins formation during fermentation (already at day 7) in the case of HPLC-TLS method in gradient mode, while by using HPLC–DAD in gradient elution mode the formation of vinylphenolic pyranoanthocyanins was noticed only after 12 days of fermentation.
Keywords: Thermal lens spectrometry (TLS), High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Pyranoanthocyanins, Wine, Yeasts
Published in RUNG: 18.06.2020; Views: 3335; Downloads: 0
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Abstract: The front photopyroelectric configuration (FPPE), making use of air as a coupling fluid between the sample and sensor, was applied to measure the thermal effusivity of some solid thermoelectric materials. The investigated samples were ZnO, CuCrO2, Cu4Sn7S16, TiS3 and two samples of high manganese silicide (HMS) thermoelectric materials. Most of these materials are porous and consequently, the classical PPE method, making use of standard coupling fluids between sensor and sample, cannot be used due to the fact that the coupling fluid penetrates inside the sample and leads to incorrect results. With this work we extend (to thermoelectric solids) the area of application of a method, recently proposed by Salazar et al. (Measurement 121: 96, 2018). Experimentally, the thermal effusivity is obtained from a multi-parametric fit of the phase of the FPPE signal as a function of the modulation frequency (with sample’s thermal effusivity, thickness of the sensor-sample air gap and heat losses by convection and radiation, as fitting parameters). It was demonstrated that, in some particular cases, the three parameters are independent and consequently, the solution of the fit is unique. Where possible, the obtained results have been compared with data from the literature and good agreement was found.
Keywords: Front photopyroelectric configuration (FPPE), Solid thermoelectrics, Thermal effusivity
Published in RUNG: 02.05.2020; Views: 2716; Downloads: 0
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Abstract: In this work, a recently proposed thermal lens instrument based on multi-pass probe beam concept is investigated and described as a multi-thermal-lens equivalent system. A simulation of the photothermal lens signal formation in a multi-thermal-lens equivalent configuration of the system is performed and validated by comparing the experimental signals of single, dual and ten-pass configurations to theoretically calculated values. The theoretically predicted enhancement of the signal is 9 to 10-fold for a weak thermal lens when comparing the ten-pass configuration with the conventional single-pass thermal lens system. Experimentally achieved signal enhancement in the ten-pass system is 8.3 for pure ethanol sample and between 8 and 9 for solutions with different concentrations of the Fe(II) - 1,10-Phenanthroline complex. Additionally, a value of 9.1 was calculated as the ratio of the slopes of the calibration lines obtained using the ten-pass and single-pass configurations. The achieved limit of detection for determination of Fe(II), in the ten-pass configuration, was 0.4 µgL-1, with a relative standard deviation around 4.5%, which compares favorably with previously reported results for TLS determination of Fe(II) in thin samples using low excitation power. For the multi-pass configuration the linear range of measurement is reduced when compared to the single-pass configuration. This is explained by the theoretical analysis of the photothermal signal under multi-pass condition, which shows the important contribution of the nonlinear term in the theoretical expression for the photothermal signal. The ten-pass configuration, which is presented and validated experimentally for the first time, offers important signal enhancement needed in recently developed TLS instruments with tunable, low power excitation sources.
Keywords: Thermal lens spectrometry, Photothermal detection, Trace determination, Chemical sensor
Published in RUNG: 10.12.2019; Views: 3241; Downloads: 0
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