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2. Multi-messenger and transient astrophysics with the Cherenkov Telescope ArrayŽ. Bošnjak, Anthony M. Brown, Alessandro Carosi, M. Chernyakova, Pierre Cristofari, F. Longo, A. López Oramas, M. Santander, Serguei Vorobiov, Danilo Zavrtanik, 2021, other component parts Abstract: The discovery of gravitational waves, high-energy neutrinos or the very-high-energy counterpart of gamma-ray bursts has revolutionized the high-energy and transient astrophysics community. The development of new instruments and analysis techniques will allow the discovery and/or follow-up of new transient sources. We describe the prospects for the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), the next-generation ground-based gamma-ray observatory, for multi-messenger and transient astrophysics in the decade ahead. CTA will explore the most extreme environments via very-high-energy observations of compact objects, stellar collapse events, mergers and cosmic-ray accelerators. Keywords: multi-messenger astrophysics, gravitational waves, very-high-energy (VHE) gamma rays, cosmic rays, VHE neutrinos, transient astrophysical phenomena, Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory Published in RUNG: 13.01.2025; Views: 263; Downloads: 4
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3. Existing open data practices in high energy astro- and particle physics : lecture at the Mini workshop on Open Science, 6. 11. 2024, AjdovščinaSerguei Vorobiov, 2024, unpublished conference contribution Abstract: In this presentation, the existing open data practices in high energy astro-, particle and astroparticle physics are presented. Open data has become fundamental in astrophysics, particle, and astroparticle physics, enhancing collaboration, reproducibility, and transparency, while accelerating innovation. A recent shift toward openness, marked by data-sharing initiatives and accessible resources, is driving breakthroughs like the multi-messenger observation of GW170817, a neutron star merger detected in both gravitational waves and gamma rays, and the identification of blazar TXS 0506+056 as a high-energy neutrino source.
Across these fields, robust efforts are underway to develop and implement FAIR-compliant data policies, with a wide array of supportive tools, standards, protocols, and software already in use (Virtual Observatory in astrophysics, CERN’s Open Data Portal in particle physics, ...).
The challenges of astroparticle physics data, often more complex than traditional astrophysics
or particle physics data, call for additional coordination and technical advancements to meet
FAIR principles effectively. Machine learning also plays a transformative role in these domains, enhancing the analysis of both proprietary and open data to reveal new insights and optimize
research methodologies. Keywords: open data, FAIR data, astrophysics, high-energy particle physics, astroparticle physics, multi-messenger astronomy Published in RUNG: 06.01.2025; Views: 323; Downloads: 1
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4. The gravitational wave follow-up program of the Cherenkov Telescope ArrayMonica Seglar-Arroyo, Christopher Eckner, Gašper Kukec Mezek, Samo Stanič, Serguei Vorobiov, Lili Yang, Gabrijela Zaharijas, Danilo Zavrtanik, Marko Zavrtanik, Lukas Zehrer, 2019, published scientific conference contribution Abstract: The birth of gravitational-wave / electromagnetic astronomy was heralded by the joint observation of gravitational waves (GWs) from a binary neutron star (BNS) merger by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, GW170817, and of gamma-rays from the short gamma-ray burst GRB170817A by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) and INTEGRAL. This detection provided the first direct evidence that at least a fraction of BNSs are progenitors of short GRBs. GRBs are now also known to emit very-high-energy (VHE, > 100 GeV) photons as has been shown by recent independent detections of the GRBs 1901114C and 180720B by the ground-based gamma-ray detectors MAGIC and H.E.S.S. In the next years, the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will boost the searches for VHE counterparts thanks to its unprecedented sensitivity, rapid response and
capability to monitor large sky areas via survey-mode operation. In this contribution, we present the CTA program of observations following the detection of GW events. We discuss various follow-up strategies and links to multi-wavelength and multi-messenger observations. Finally we outline the capabilities and prospects of detecting VHE emission from GW counterparts. Keywords: multi-messenger astrophysics, the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) Observatory, gravitational waves, very-high-energy photons, gravitational-wave follow-up program Published in RUNG: 08.11.2024; Views: 494; Downloads: 4
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5. Multi-messenger astrophysics with the Pierre Auger ObservatoryMassimo Mastrodicasa, Andrej Filipčič, Jon Paul Lundquist, Shima Ujjani Shivashankara, Samo Stanič, Serguei Vorobiov, Danilo Zavrtanik, Marko Zavrtanik, Lukas Zehrer, 2022, published scientific conference contribution Abstract: The Pierre Auger Observatory is sensitive to ultra-high energy neutral particles, such as photons, neutrinos, and neutrons, and can take part in Multi-Messenger searches in collaboration with other observatories. Photons and neutrinos are searched by exploiting the design of the Pierre Auger Observatory and profiting from the different properties of the induced showers caused by different particles. Diffuse and point source fluxes of photons and neutrinos are searched for. Furthermore, photon and neutrino follow-ups of the gravitational wave events observed by the LIGO/Virgo Collaboration are conducted. The Pierre Auger Observatory is also used to search for neutrons from point-like sources. In contrast to photons and neutrinos, neutrons induce air showers that cannot be distinguished from those produced by protons. For this reason, the search for neutrons from a given source is performed by searching for an excess of air showers from the corresponding direction. All these searches have resulted in stringent upper limits on the corresponding fluxes of the considered particles, allowing, together with the results obtained by other experiments, to shed some light on the most energetic phenomena of our Universe. An overview of the Multi-Messenger activities carried out within the Pierre Auger Collaboration is presented. Keywords: ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, UHE photons, UHE neutrinos, UHE neutrons, Pierre Auger Observatory, multi-messenger astrophysical studies Published in RUNG: 04.10.2024; Views: 718; Downloads: 6
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6. Applicability of benchtop multi-wavelength polar photometers to off-line measurements of the Multi-Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP) samplesSara Valentini, Vera Bernardoni, Ezio Bolzacchini, Davide Ciniglia, Luca Ferrero, Alice Corina Forello, Dario Massabò, Marco Pandolfi, Paolo Prati, Jesús Yus-Díez, 2021, original scientific article Keywords: aerosol absorption coefficient, equivalent black carbon, MAAP, polar photometer, multi-wavelength Published in RUNG: 13.05.2024; Views: 1149; Downloads: 2
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7. Performance analysis of high-spectral-resolution lidar with/without laser seeding technique for measuring aerosol optical propertiesFengjia Gao, Fei Gao, Gaipan Li, Fan Yang, Li Wang, Song Yuehui, Dengxin Hua, Samo Stanič, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: High-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL) is a powerful tool for aerosol measurements. With/without laser seeding technique in the transmitted laser, the HSRL can be distinguished as the single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) HSRL or the multi-longitudinal-mode (MLM) HSRL, and the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with periodic transmittance function can be used as the spectral discriminator in both the SLM HSRL and MLM HSRL. To in-depth knowledge of the respective advantages of the SLM HSRL and MLM HSRL for measuring aerosol optical properties, the working principle, optimal parameter setting, and detection performance of the SLM HSRL and MLM HSRL are analyzed and discussed in detail, respectively. The working principle of the SLM HSRL and MLM HSRL indicate that the effective transmittance of MZI is the important parameter of data retrieval, the main source of retrieval uncertainties, and the key factor of MZI optical path difference (OPD) settings. To ensure that the MZI can achieve the preferable separation for aerosol Mie scattering signals and molecular Rayleigh scattering signals, the optimal OPDs of MZI are set at 165 mm and 1000 mm in the SLM HSRL and MLM HSRL from the aspects of the effective transmittance of MZI and the spectral discrimination ratio (SDR). Besides, to analyze the influence of frequency difference and divergence angle for the detection performance of HSRL, the effective transmittance of MZI and SDR are simulated and the results show that the MLM HSRL has higher requirements for the environmental parameters and the echo beam collimation than the SLM HSRL. Moreover, the HSRLs with SLM and MLM transmitted lasers are constructed in Xi'an for measuring aerosol optical properties. The preliminary measurement results show that the range square corrected signal (RSCS) of Rayleigh channel is smaller than that of Mie channel in both the SLM HSRL and MLM HSRL, while the difference between RSCS of Rayleigh channel and RSCS of Mie channel in the SLM HSRL is larger than that in the MLM HSRL, and the detection range of the SLM HSRL is lower than that of the MLM HSRL. Keywords: aerosol optical properties, high-spectral-resolution lidar, single-longitudinal-mode, multi-longitudinal-mode, spectral discrimination ratio Published in RUNG: 28.02.2024; Views: 1755; Downloads: 3
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8. Towards a better understanding of fine PM sources : online and offline datasets combination in a single PMFMarta Via, Jesús Yus-Díez, Francesco Canonaco, Jean-Eudes Petit, Philip Hopke, Cristina Reche, Marco Pandolfi, Matic Ivančič, Martin Rigler, Andre S. H. Prevot, 2023, original scientific article Keywords: multi-time resolution, source apportionment, submicronic particulate matter, positive matrix factorisation, PMF, multilinear engine, SoFi, ME2, organic sources, metals Published in RUNG: 24.10.2023; Views: 1940; Downloads: 8
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9. Ultrahigh-Energy multi-messengers at the Pierre Auger ObservatoryFrancisco Pedreira, Andrej Filipčič, Gašper Kukec Mezec, Ahmed Saleh, Samo Stanič, Marta Trini, Serguei Vorobiov, Lili Yang, Danilo Zavrtanik, Marko Zavrtanik, Lukas Zehrer, 2019, published scientific conference contribution Abstract: The study of correlations between observations of different messengers from extreme sources of the Universe has emerged as an outstanding way to make progress in astrophysics. The Pierre Auger Observatory is capable of significant contributions as an ultra-high energy particle detector, particularly through its capability to search for inclined showers produced by neutrinos. We describe the neutrino searches made with
the Observatory with particular emphasis on the recent results following the detections of
gravitational waves from binary mergers with Advanced LIGO and VIRGO, leading to competitive limits. Keywords: ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic rays (CRs), Pierre Auger Observatory, UHE neutrinos, multi-messenger astrophysics Published in RUNG: 11.10.2023; Views: 2650; Downloads: 7
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10. Study on multi-ELVES in the Pierre Auger ObservatoryA. Vásquez Ramírez, Andrej Filipčič, Jon Paul Lundquist, Samo Stanič, Serguei Vorobiov, Danilo Zavrtanik, Marko Zavrtanik, Lukas Zehrer, 2022, published scientific conference contribution Abstract: Since 2013, the four sites of the Fluorescence Detector (FD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory record ELVES with a dedicated trigger. These UV light emissions are correlated to distant lightning strikes. The length of recorded traces has been increased from 100 μs (2013), to 300 μs (2014-16), to 900 μs (2017-present), to progressively extend the observation of the light emission towards the vertical of the causative lightning and beyond. A large fraction of the observed events shows double ELVES within the time window, and, in some cases, even more complex structures are observed. The nature of the multi-ELVES is not completely understood but may be related to the different types of lightning in which they are originated. For example, it is known that Narrow Bipolar Events can produce double ELVES, and Energetic In-cloud Pulses, occurring between the main negative and upper positive charge layer of clouds, can induce double and even quadruple ELVES in the ionosphere. This report shows the seasonal and daily dependence of the time gap, amplitude ratio, and correlation between the pulse widths of the peaks in a sample of 1000+ multi-ELVES events recorded during the period 2014-20. The events have been compared with data from other satellite and ground-based sensing devices to study the correlation of their properties with lightning observables such as altitude and polarity. Keywords: Pierre Auger Observatory, indirect detection, fluorescence detection, UV light, multi-ELVES, lightning Published in RUNG: 03.10.2023; Views: 1918; Downloads: 5
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