11. Pseudopartitives vs. agreement attraction : an experimental studyGreta Mazzaggio, Ludovico Franco, M. Rita Manzini, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: Pseudopartitive constructions are constructions of the form DP-of-NP, where the quantificational, collective or container DP head is interpreted as measuring the embedded NP. A verb can agree either with the head (Head Agreement) or with the embedded NP (Embedded Agreement). We argue that agreement alternations with pseudopartitives form part of lin- guistic competence. Specifically, we account for them in terms of a dual la- belling option open to of -DP/NP constituents, as either PPs (of projecting) or as NPs (of not projecting). Thus, we reject the conclusion that pseudopar- titives are to be accounted for in processing terms, and wholly subsumed un- der agreement attraction. In two studies, we investigate subject-verb num- ber agreement (Study 1, N = 103) and gender agreement (Study 2, N = 87), in an acceptability task with pseudopartitive constructions involving either a collective noun or an approximate quantifier, controlling for the nature of the head. Results show that Italian pseudopartitives allows embedded agree- ment, depending on the speaker and on the nature of the head (quantifiers better than collective Ns).
Keywords: pseudopartitives, agreement, number, gender, agreement at- traction
Published in RUNG: 17.09.2021; Views: 1636; Downloads: 0
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12. Dual in SlovenianFranc Marušič, Rok Žaucer, 2021, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph Abstract: Slovenian is one of only three contemporary Slavic languages that productively uses the dual. The other two are Upper and Lower Sorbian. In this chapter, we will outline the present-day use of the dual in Slovenian, generally ignoring historical aspects, for which see, i.a., Tesnière (1925a), Belić (1934), Jakop (2008), Olander (2015). Also, the description will primarily be based on standard Slovenian as described/prescribed in Toporišič et al. (2001), mainly ignoring the great variation across different varieties
of Slovenian (cf. Tesnière 1925a,b, Jakop 2008) in the actual forms of dual marking and the extent to which dual forms are distinct from the plural. The paradigms presented in the next section exist in entirety only in few dialects and in the prescribed standard variety. A small number of dialects of the South West, along the border between Italy and Slovenia, and the dialects of the South, along the border with Croatia, are without most of the dual forms and in some cases without the dual altogether, but for the most part, different dialects exhibit different amounts of dual
forms. Central Slovenian dialects and dialects of the North and North-East use dual fully productively (cf. Jakop 2008 and Marušič et al. 2016 for a comprehensive map of the distribution of dual in Slovenian dialects).
Keywords: Slovenian, grammatical number, dual, meaning of dual
Published in RUNG: 13.08.2021; Views: 1755; Downloads: 0
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13. Elucidating local pollution and site representativeness at the Jungfraujoch, Switzerland through parallel aerosol measurements at an adjacent mountain ridgeNicolas Bukowiecki, Benjamin Brem, Günther Wehrle, Griša Močnik, Stéphane Affolter, Markus Christian Leuenberger, Martine Collaud Coen, Maxime Hervo, Urs Baltensperger, Martin Gysel, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Many long-term air pollution and climate monitoring stations face the issue of increasing anthropogenic activities in their vicinity. Furthermore, the spatial representativeness of the sites is often not entirely understood especially in mountainous terrain with complex topographic features. This study presents a 5-year comparison of parallel aerosol measurements (total particle number concentration and equivalent black carbon mass concentration) at the Jungfraujoch in the Swiss Alps (JFJ, 3580 m a.s.l.), and an adjacent mountain ridge, the Jungfrau East Ridge (JER, 3705 m a.s.l.), in 1000 m air-line distance to the main site. The parallel aerosol measurements reveal characteristic differences in the diurnal variations between the two sites under certain specific meteorological conditions. Our analysis estimates that on 20-40% of the days local activities at the Jungfraujoch have a clear influence on the measured time series of the total aerosol number concentration and the equivalent black carbon mass concentration. This influence is mainly seen in form of strong isolated spikes rather than by an increase in the on-site background concentration. They can thus be flagged during the data quality assurance process and filtered from those measurement parameters available at high time resolution. Removing the spikes from the original time series results in daily mean values for the total aerosol number concentration and equivalent black carbon mass concentration that are 5-10 % lower compared to the original signals. During nighttime with hardly any local pollution sources that cause spikes this percentage decreases towards 0%. The signal baselines at the Jungfraujoch and Jungfrau East Ridge correlate well during more than 50% of the days.
Keywords: aerosol long-term monitoring, equivalent black carbon, aerosol number concentration, spatial variation
Published in RUNG: 15.03.2021; Views: 1978; Downloads: 71
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16. Do children derive exact meanings pragmatically? Evidence from a dual morphology languageFranc Marušič, Rok Žaucer, Amanda Saksida, Jessica Sullivan, Dimitrios Skordos, Longlong Wang, David Barner, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Number words allow us to describe exact quantities like sixty-three and (exactly) one. How do we derive exact interpretations? By some views, these words are lexically exact, and are therefore unlike other grammatical forms in language. Other theories, however, argue that numbers are not special and that their exact interpretation arises from pragmatic enrichment, rather than lexically. For example, the word one may gain its exact interpretation because the presence of the immediate successor two licenses the pragmatic inference that one implies “one, and not two”. To investigate the possible role of pragmatic enrichment in the development of exact representations, we looked outside the test case of number to grammatical morphological markers of quantity. In particular, we asked whether children can derive an exact interpretation of singular noun phrases (e.g., “a button”) when their language features an immediate “successor” that encodes sets of two. To do this, we used a series of tasks to compare English-speaking children who have only singular and plural morphology to Slovenian-speaking children who have singular and plural forms, but also dual morphology, that is used when describing sets of two. Replicating previous work, we found that English-speaking preschoolers failed to enrich their interpretation of the singular and did not treat it as exact. New to the present study, we found that 4- and 5-year-old Slovenian-speakers who comprehended the dual treated the singular form as exact, while younger Slovenian children who were still learning the dual did not, providing evidence that young children may derive exact meanings pragmatically.
Keywords: Acquisition of quantity expressions, Acquisition of exactness, Pragmatics of grammatical number, Inferences on quantity, Dual, Slovenian
Published in RUNG: 13.12.2020; Views: 2474; Downloads: 0
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17. Measurement of the fluctuations in the number of muons in inclined air showers with the Pierre Auger ObservatoryFelix Riehn, Andrej Filipčič, Gašper Kukec Mezek, Samo Stanič, Marta Trini, Serguei Vorobiov, Lili Yang, Danilo Zavrtanik, Marko Zavrtanik, Lukas Zehrer, 2019, published scientific conference contribution Keywords: ultra-high energy cosmic rays, Pierre Auger Observatory, inclined air showers, muon number fluctuations
Published in RUNG: 24.07.2020; Views: 2446; Downloads: 74
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18. Do children use language structure to discover the recursive rules of counting?Rose M. Schneider, Jessica Sullivan, Franc Marušič, Rok Žaucer, Priyanka Biswas, Petra Mišmaš, Vesna Plesničar, David Barner, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: We test the hypothesis that children acquire knowledge of the successor function — a foundational principle stating that every natural number n has a successor n + 1 — by learning the productive linguistic rules that govern verbal counting. Previous studies report that speakers of languages with less complex count list morphology have greater counting and mathematical knowledge at earlier ages in comparison to speakers of more complex languages (e.g., Miller & Stigler, 1987). Here, we tested whether differences in count list transparency affected children’s acquisition of the successor function in three languages with relatively transparent count lists (Cantonese, Slovenian, and English) and two languages with relatively opaque count lists (Hindi and Gujarati). We measured 3.5- to 6.5-year-old children’s mastery of their count list’s recursive structure with two tasks assessing productive counting, which we then related to a measure of successor function knowledge. While the more opaque languages were associated with lower counting proficiency and successor function task performance in comparison to the more transparent languages, a unique within-language analytic approach revealed a robust relationship between measures of productive counting and successor knowledge in almost every language. We conclude that learning productive rules of counting is a critical step in acquiring knowledge of recursive successor function across languages, and that the timeline for this learning varies as a function of count list transparency.
Keywords: Cross-linguistic
Count list
Successor function
Natural number concepts
Number acquisition
Conceptual development
Published in RUNG: 05.01.2020; Views: 3325; Downloads: 0
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19. Neutrosophic Quadruple BCK/BCI-AlgebrasYoung Bae Jun, Seok-zun Song, Florentin Smarandache, Hashem Bordbar, 2018, original scientific article Abstract: The notion of a neutrosophic quadruple BCK/BCI number is considered, and a neutrosophic quadruple BCK/BCI-algebra, which consists of neutrosophic quadruple BCK/BCI-numbers, is constructed. Several properties are investigated, and a (positive implicative) ideal in a neutrosophic quadruple BCK-algebra and a closed ideal in a neutrosophic quadruple BCI-algebra are studied. Given subsets A and B of a BCK/BCI-algebra, the set NQ(A,B)
, which consists of neutrosophic quadruple BCK/BCI-numbers with a condition, is established. Conditions for the set NQ(A,B)
to be a (positive implicative) ideal of a neutrosophic quadruple BCK-algebra are provided, and conditions for the set NQ(A,B) to be a (closed) ideal of a neutrosophic quadruple BCI-algebra are given. An example to show that the set {0˜} is not a positive implicative ideal in a neutrosophic quadruple BCK-algebra is provided, and conditions for the set {0˜} to be a positive implicative ideal in a neutrosophic quadruple BCK-algebra are then discussed.
Keywords: neutrosophic quadruple BCK/BCI-number, neutrosophic quadruple BCK/BCI-algebra, neutrosophic quadruple subalgebra, (positive implicative) neutrosophic quadruple ideal
Published in RUNG: 01.12.2019; Views: 3055; Downloads: 0
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