1. Biogenic amines in Hardanger ciders : the effect of native cider yeasts on biogenic amine productionUrban Česnik, Mitja Martelanc, Branka Mozetič Vodopivec, Ingunn Ovsthus, Lorena Butinar, 2023, published scientific conference contribution abstract Abstract: The presence of bioactive compounds in food and beverages of plant origin is mainly connected with higher nutritional value and better sensory properties. However, some of them can pose a threat to food product quality and human health. For example, excess biogenic amines (BAs) intake can cause different allergenic responses in individuals who have such intolerances.
BAs have been intensively studied in recent years, especially in fermented foods like wine, meat, fish, and cheese. Among fermented beverages is apple cider still rather unexplored from this perspective. Especially since no such data exist for the Norwegian cider. Norwegian cider is becoming more and more popular in Norway in recent years among producers and consumers. Hardanger cider from Western Norway is very different from French, English, or Spanish ciders in terms of sensory characteristics, apple cultivars, and in the fermentation process. In Hardanger, the traditional cider is still produced by spontaneous fermentation of apple juice with naturally occurring yeasts that originate from the fruit or processing equipment surfaces.
Lactic acid bacteria are known to be associated with BA formation. However, several studies reported about the BA-producing yeasts in winemaking. Due to the important role of natural yeasts in the production of Hardanger cider, we focused on the ability of BA formation by native yeasts. Thus, in our study, we followed the amounts of BAs in the Hardanger ciders during the fermentation process and characterize isolated yeasts if they have the ability to produce BAs under cidermaking conditions by performing a micro-fermentation experiment.
From must/cider samples, taken during the fermentation process at 13 producers in the Hardanger region, we isolated 530 yeast isolates. Based on the sequencing of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rDNA we identified 25 different yeast species. As expected, yeast diversity was higher at the beginning compared to the middle fermentation stage, when mostly different non-Saccharomyces yeast species prevailed, while at the end of fermentation mainly Saccharomyces species with high ethanol tolerance were present.
BAs were analyzed with the HPLC-UV method. In all apple juice/cider samples 4 different BAs (putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, and tyramine) were detected and quantified with external calibration. On average in all cider samples from the producers total BA (summation of all BAs) concentration reached 9,45 mg/L, however in one case even 25 mg/L. Tyramine was the most abundant BA in all fermentation stages. 40 isolated yeast strains were further tested for BA formation in a small-scale experiment by fermenting apple juice. Results show that non-Saccharomyces yeasts mainly form histamine (1,68 mg/L) and tyramine (1,30 mg/L), while Saccharomyces yeasts putrescine (0,48 mg/L) and tyramine (3,53 mg/L). As a general conclusion, the occurrence and distribution of BA concentrations in the small-scale fermentation were lower (2,96 mg/L and 4,01 mg/L) and less variable than in the real ciders (average in final ciders 9,45 mg/L) and with tyramine being the most abundant BA in all samples analyzed.
Keywords: cider, yeast, biogenic amines, Hardanger, biodiversity
Published in RUNG: 23.06.2023; Views: 2632; Downloads: 9
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2. Biopolymers produced by treating waste brewer’s yeast with active sludge bacteria : the qualitative analysis and evaluation of the potential for 3D printingGregor Drago Zupančič, Anamarija Lončar, Sandra Budžaki, Mario Panjicko, 2022, original scientific article Keywords: brewers’ yeast, active sludge bacteria, anaerobic digestion, biogas potential, biopolymer, 3D printing
Published in RUNG: 01.08.2022; Views: 2978; Downloads: 33
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3. Native llama nanobody library panning performed by phage and yeast display provides binders suitable for C-reactive protein detectionSandra Oloketuyi, Robert Alvin Bernedo-Navarro, Andreas Christmann, Justyna Borkowska, Giulia Cazzaniga, Horst Wilhelm Schuchmann, Joanna Niedziółka-Jönsson, Katarzyna Szot-Karpińska, Harald Kolmar, Ario De Marco, 2021, original scientific article Keywords: phage display, yeast display, nanobodies, electrochemical impedance biosensors
Published in RUNG: 06.12.2021; Views: 3152; Downloads: 46
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4. Anaerobic treatment of excess yeast and waste ethanol from alcohol free beer production for increase of renewable energy use in brewing industryGregor Drago Zupančič, Mario Panjicko, Goran Lukić, 2020, published scientific conference contribution Abstract: In the presented paper we have investigated how large quantities of excess yeast and periodical releases of waste ethanol influence the operation of the anaerobic treatment process in a UASB reactor. The process was tested in a pilot-scale reactor with a design organic load of 16.0 kg/m3/day of COD. Through various stages of the experiment, several possible scenarios were tested, excess yeast was added continuously with concentrations up to 3 vol. %, whereas waste ethanol was added in batches of up to 0.8 % of daily volume load several days a week. The intent was to test real conditions in the treatment process. The whole experiment lasted for 77 days, where the maximum organic load of 24.72 kg/m3/day was successfully achieved with no adverse effects on the efficiency of the reactor performance although it significantly surpassed the design load. The COD efficiency at maximum OLR was 83.1 %, whereas the average was 88.0 %. The average biogas production rate increased from 2,044 m3/m3/day to 4.927 m3/m3/day. The microbial community structure analysis showed significant shifts only in the archaeal community (25 – 30 %) as a good adaptation to the addition of substrates. Monitoring the model brewery in applying the addition of yeast and ethanol to the wastewater treatment showed a 110 % increase in biomethane production. The consequence of the increased biomethane production is that the natural gas substitute ratio could be increased from the current average of 10.7 % to potentially 20.1 %, which is a substantial step towards the goal of renewable energy use.
Keywords: anaerobic digestion, biogas, brewery yeast, renewable energy, waste ethanol
Published in RUNG: 10.06.2021; Views: 3864; Downloads: 14
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5. The impact of Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeasts on wine colour: a laboratory study of vinylphenolic pyranoanthocyanin formation and anthocyanin cell wall adsorptionJelena Topić, Lorena Butinar, Alen Albreht, Irena Vovk, Dorota Korte, Branka Mozetič Vodopivec, 2020, original scientific article Keywords: Non-Saccharomyces yeast, Hydroxycinnamate decarboxylase activity, Sequential fermentation, Vinylphenolic pyranoanthocyanins, Anthocyanin adsorption
Published in RUNG: 23.01.2020; Views: 4730; Downloads: 0
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10. Simple and fast HPLC-DAD method for determination of HCDC activity and formation of vinylphenol in Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeastJelena Topič, Lorena Butinar, Dorota Korte, Branka Mozetič Vodopivec, published scientific conference contribution abstract Abstract: Conventionally, alcoholic fermentation in the production of wine is performed by yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae. There are numerous starters available, however due to the growing demand for wines with specific characteristics, other Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces species are being investigated for potential use as starters. [1]. Yeast selection has involved the development of techniques for detecting strains that might improve wines in terms of aroma, structure, colour and other technological properties [2]. Colour of the wine can be affected as some metabolites produced by yeast during fermentation may react with grape anthocyanins to produce highly stable pyranoanthocyanins. For the facilitation of formation of vinylphenolic pyranoanthocyanins, yeast strains with high hydroxycinnamate decarboxylase activity are used (HCDC). The mechanism of reaction is decarboxylation of hydroxycinnamic acids and formation of vinylphenols that condense with grape anthocyanins and form stabile vinyphenolic pyranoanthocyanin adducts [3]. It has been demonstrated that some non-Saccharomyces strains (Pichia guillermondii, Schizosaccharomyces pombe) have positive HCDC activity and they can produce vinylphenolic pyranoanthocyanins in higher concentrations than S. cerevisiae. A simple way of determining whether the yeast strain has HCDC activity or not, is the use of fermentation media with the addition of hydroxycinnamic acids, such as p-coumaric acid. The degradation of p-coumaric acid and transformation into 4-vinylphenol (and possibly in 4-ethylphenol) can be checked by LC-DAD. Most of the published data has been done on smaller number of strains.
The goal of our work was to develop simple method for the screening of Slovenian in-house yeast collection, comprising of native isolates that mostly originated from Vipava valley and Karst region, and therefore try to determine strains with high HCDC activity. These strains can be used for wine fermentations in order to produce more stable pyranoanthocyanins; which is especially important in wines that has less anthocyanin concentration already from the grape, such as Pinot Noir.
103 different yeast strains belonging to 28 species were selected for the assessment of HCDC activity. In some cases the difference in p-coumaric acid metabolism rate between two strains exceeded 90%. All tested S. paradoxus strains showed higher than 40% degradation rate of p-coumaric acid. HCDC activity of S. cerevisiae strains which is the species most commonly used in fermentation, varied between 5.1 and 66.1%. The commercial strains tested, FPC and EC118 showed 43.9 and 21.5% conversion rate, respectively. It was observed that some native strains had higher HCDC activity than commercial tested ones. Three strains produced vinylphenol in concentration higher than 50 ppm, two of them being P. guillermondii and another strain being S. paradoxus (Sut85). In general strain with high HCDC activity also produced high concentration of 4-vinylphenol.
The results showed that HCDC activity is highly strain dependent, which correlates with the literature data available. The proposed method is very simple and does not require special sample preparation prior to HPLC analysis. Furthermore, the proposed fermentations in deep-well microtiter plates allow the screening of high number of strains. The method could be used for routine screening, to determine which strain has high HCDC activity and produces high concentration of vinylphenols and can therefore be used in future for determination of strains ability to synthesize vinylphenolic pyranoanthocyanins.
Keywords: yeast, hydroxycinnamate decarboxylase, 4-vinylphenol
Published in RUNG: 18.06.2018; Views: 5480; Downloads: 0
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