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Title:Calibration of the underground muon detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory
Authors:ID Aab, A. (Author)
ID Filipčič, Andrej (Author)
ID Lundquist, Jon Paul (Author)
ID Stanič, Samo (Author)
ID Trini, Marta (Author)
ID Vorobiov, Serguei (Author)
ID Zavrtanik, Danilo (Author)
ID Zavrtanik, Marko (Author)
ID Zehrer, Lukas (Author)
Files:URL https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-0221/16/04/P04003
 
Language:English
Work type:Unknown
Typology:1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization:UNG - University of Nova Gorica
Abstract:To obtain direct measurements of the muon content of extensive air showers with energy above 10[sup]16.5 eV, the Pierre Auger Observatory is currently being equipped with an underground muon detector (UMD), consisting of 219 10 m[sup]2-modules, each segmented into 64 scintillators coupled to silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). Direct access to the shower muon content allows for the study of both of the composition of primary cosmic rays and of high-energy hadronic interactions in the forward direction. As the muon density can vary between tens of muons per m[sup]2 close to the intersection of the shower axis with the ground to much less than one per m[sup]2 when far away, the necessary broad dynamic range is achieved by the simultaneous implementation of two acquisition modes in the read-out electronics: the binary mode, tuned to count single muons, and the ADC mode, suited to measure a high number of them. In this work, we present the end-to-end calibration of the muon detector modules: first, the SiPMs are calibrated by means of the binary channel, and then, the ADC channel is calibrated using atmospheric muons, detected in parallel to the shower data acquisition. The laboratory and field measurements performed to develop the implementation of the full calibration chain of both binary and ADC channels are presented and discussed. The calibration procedure is reliable to work with the high amount of channels in the UMD, which will be operated continuously, in changing environmental conditions, for several years.
Keywords:ultra-high energy cosmic rays, extensive air showers (EAS), EAS muonic component, Pierre Auger Observatory, underground muon detector, detector calibration
Year of publishing:2021
Number of pages:str. 1-24
Numbering:Vol. 16, no. 4
PID:20.500.12556/RUNG-6472 New window
COBISS.SI-ID:59620099 New window
UDC:539.1
ISSN on article:1748-0221
DOI:10.1088/1748-0221/16/04/P04003 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UNG:REP:YHGO9FM3
Publication date in RUNG:14.04.2021
Views:4150
Downloads:142
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
:
AAB, A., FILIPČIČ, Andrej, LUNDQUIST, Jon Paul, STANIČ, Samo, TRINI, Marta, VOROBIOV, Serguei, ZAVRTANIK, Danilo, ZAVRTANIK, Marko and ZEHRER, Lukas, 2021, Calibration of the underground muon detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Journal of instrumentation [online]. 2021. Vol. 16, no. 4, p. 1–24. [Accessed 24 April 2025]. DOI 10.1088/1748-0221/16/04/P04003. Retrieved from: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-0221/16/04/P04003
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Record is a part of a journal

Title:Journal of instrumentation
Publisher:Institute of Physics Publishing
ISSN:1748-0221
COBISS.SI-ID:21494567 New window

Document is financed by a project

Funder:ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
Project number:P1-0031

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