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Title:The second knee in the cosmic ray spectrum observed with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory
Authors:ID Brichetto Orquera, Gabriel (Author)
ID Filipčič, Andrej (Author)
ID Lundquist, Jon Paul (Author)
ID Shivashankara, Shima Ujjani (Author)
ID Stanič, Samo (Author)
ID Vorobiov, Serguei (Author)
ID Zavrtanik, Danilo (Author)
ID Zavrtanik, Marko (Author), et al.
Files:.pdf ICRC2023_398.pdf (1,48 MB)
MD5: A3F052EE7181FB4312706E60D12BA204
 
URL https://pos.sissa.it/444/
 
URL https://pos.sissa.it/444/398/pdf
 
Language:English
Work type:Unknown
Typology:1.08 - Published Scientific Conference Contribution
Organization:UNG - University of Nova Gorica
Abstract:The determination of the energy spectrum features with low systematic uncertainty is crucial for interpreting the nature of cosmic rays. In this study, we conducted a measurement of the energy spectrum at the Pierre Auger Observatory using a surface detector with a calorimetric energy scale indirectly set by a fluorescence detector. The surface detector consists of an array of water-Cherenkov detectors that extends over 3000 km^2 with 1500m spacing. Additionally, two nested arrays of the same kind with 750m and 433m spacing were utilized to lower the energy threshold of the measurements. This contribution presents, for the first time, the spectrum measured with the 433m array, which reduces the energy threshold down to 63 PeV, nearly half the energy at which we previously published a steepening using the 750m array. Our measurements include a characterization of the spectral features of the flux steepening around 230 PeV, known as the second-knee. The study benefits from a nearly 100% duty cycle and geometrical exposure. Notably, this is the first simultaneous measurement of the second knee energy and spectral indexes before and after the break, using a surface detector with an energy scale predominantly independent of air shower simulations and assumptions regarding hadronic interaction models.
Keywords:ultra-high energy cosmic rays, Pierre Auger Observatory, hadronic interaction model, water-Cherenkov detectors
Publication status:Published
Publication version:Version of Record
Publication date:01.01.2023
Year of publishing:2023
Number of pages:str. 1-13
PID:20.500.12556/RUNG-8805 New window
COBISS.SI-ID:182180355 New window
UDC:52
ISSN on article:1824-8039
DOI:10.22323/1.444.0398 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UNG:REP:HLQKMLLU
Publication date in RUNG:23.01.2024
Views:1902
Downloads:5
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
:
BRICHETTO ORQUERA, Gabriel, FILIPČIČ, Andrej, LUNDQUIST, Jon Paul, SHIVASHANKARA, Shima Ujjani, STANIČ, Samo, VOROBIOV, Serguei, ZAVRTANIK, Danilo and ZAVRTANIK, Marko, 2023, The second knee in the cosmic ray spectrum observed with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. In : 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference [also] ICRC2023 [online]. Published Scientific Conference Contribution. 2023. p. 1–13. [Accessed 7 April 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.ung.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=8805
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Record is a part of a proceedings

Title:38th International Cosmic Ray Conference [also] ICRC2023
COBISS.SI-ID:162195971 New window

Record is a part of a journal

Title:Proceedings of science
Shortened title:Pos proc. sci.
Publisher:Sissa
ISSN:1824-8039
COBISS.SI-ID:20239655 New window

Document is financed by a project

Funder:ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
Project number:P1-0031
Name:Večglasniška astrofizika

Licences

License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.

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