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Title:Online chemical characterization and sources of submicron aerosol in the major mediterranean port city of Piraeus, Greece
Authors:ID Stavroulas, Iasonas (Author)
ID Grivas, Georgios (Author)
ID Liakakou, Eleni (Author)
ID Kalkavouras, Panayiotis (Author)
ID Bougiatioti, Aikaterini (Author)
ID Kaskaoutis, Dimitris G. (Author)
ID Lianou, Maria (Author)
ID Papoutsidaki, Kyriaki (Author)
ID Tsagkaraki, M. (Author)
ID Gerasopoulos, Evangelos (Author)
ID Zarmpas, Pavlos (Author)
ID Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos (Author)
Files:URL https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/12/1686
 
URL https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/12/1686/pdf
 
Language:English
Work type:Unknown
Typology:1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization:UNG - University of Nova Gorica
Abstract:Port cities are affected by a wide array of emissions, including those from the shipping, road transport, and residential sectors; therefore, the characterization and apportionment of such sources in a high temporal resolution is crucial. This study presents measurements of fine aerosol chemical composition in Piraeus, one of the largest European ports, during two monthly periods (winter vs. summer) in 2018–2019, using online instrumentation (Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor—ACSM, 7-λ aethalometer). PMF source apportionment was performed on the ACSM mass spectra to quantify organic aerosol (OA) components, while equivalent black carbon (BC) was decomposed to its fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning (BB) fractions. The combined traffic, shipping and, especially, residential emissions led to considerably elevated submicron aerosol levels (22.8 μg m−3) in winter, which frequently became episodic late at night under stagnant conditions. Carbonaceous compounds comprised the major portion of this submicron aerosol in winter, with mean OA and BC contributions of 61% (13.9 μg m−3) and 16% (3.7 μg m−3), respectively. The contribution of BB to BC concentrations was considerable and spatially uniform. OA related to BB emissions (fresh and processed) and hydrocarbon-like OA (from vehicular traffic and port-related fossil fuel emissions including shipping) accounted for 37% and 30% of OA, respectively. In summer, the average PM1 concentration was significantly lower (14.8 μg m−3) and less variable, especially for the components associated with secondary aerosols (such as OA and sulfate). The effect of the port sector was evident in summer and maintained BC concentrations at high levels (2.8 μg m−3), despite the absence of BB and improved atmospheric dispersion. Oxygenated components yielded over 70% of OA in summer, with the more oxidized secondary component of regional origin being dominant (41%) despite the intensity of local sources, in the Piraeus environment. In general, with respect to local sources that can be the target of mitigation policies, this work highlights the importance of port-related activities but also reveals the extensive wintertime impact of residential wood burning. While a separation of the BB source is feasible, more research is needed on how to disentangle the short-term effects of different fossil-fuel combustion sources.
Keywords:Athens, harbor, shipping emissions, PM1, chemical speciation, organic aerosol, black carbon, ACSM, aethalometer, PMF
Publication status:Published
Publication version:Version of Record
Publication date:01.01.2021
Year of publishing:2021
Number of pages:str. 1-28
Numbering:Vol. 12, issue 12, [article no.] 1686
PID:20.500.12556/RUNG-9046 New window
COBISS.SI-ID:195062019 New window
UDC:53
ISSN on article:2073-4433
eISSN:2073-4433
DOI:10.3390/atmos12121686 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UNG:REP:Q80XKZWU
Publication date in RUNG:10.05.2024
Views:1025
Downloads:4
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Record is a part of a journal

Title:Atmosphere
Shortened title:Atmosphere
Publisher:MDPI AG
ISSN:2073-4433
COBISS.SI-ID:522992153 New window

Licences

License:CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Description:This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.
Licensing start date:16.12.2021

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